796R 1289C  Solid and Liquid Transformation

A solid has a fixed shape. It does not change even when placed in a container. It does not flow, and you can hold it in your hands. Examples of solids include ice, wood, and metal. A liquid, however, changes its shape based on the container. It flows and spreads out. Unlike a ...

586R 868C  The Wonders of Simple Chemistry

Sugar and starch look the same, but they feel different. Sugar is rough, and starch is soft. Both are white, but they change in different ways when heated. When sugar is boiled, it melts and turns golden brown. It smells sweet, like caramel. Starch does not melt the same way. ...

695R 1087C  The Power of Magnets

Magnets are amazing! They have two poles – the north pole and the south pole. These poles interact in interesting ways. If the poles are different, they attract each other. For example, the north pole of one magnet pulls the south pole of another. But if the poles are the s...

623R 943C  The Invisible but Powerful Air

Air is everywhere. It surrounds us all the time. But what is air? Air is a mixture of gases. We cannot see it, but we can feel it when the wind blows. Without air, life would not exist. We need air to breathe and stay alive. Air has special characteristics. First, air has a cons...

646R 988C  The Magic of Moving Air

Air is all around us, but we cannot see it. Even though it is invisible, air can move from one place to another. Tom wanted to see how air moves, so he did an experiment. He got a volleyball, a balloon, and a rubber tube. First, he connected the volleyball to the balloon using...

621R 939C  The Changing Temperature

Temperature shows how hot or cold something is. When the temperature rises, it becomes hot. When it drops, it becomes cold. We measure temperature in degrees Celsius (¡ÆC). The temperature around us keeps changing. On a hot day, the sun makes the air warm, and ice cream melts ...

816R 1329C  The Beauty of the Four Seasons

Each season has its own special feeling. In summer, the weather is hot, so I stay in my room with the air conditioner on. To stay cool, I wear thin shirts and short pants. I also enjoy eating ice cream and drinking cold lemonade. The sun shines brightly, and people go to the beac...

604R 905C  The Fun of Symmetry

Do you know what symmetry is? Symmetry means that an object is balanced on both sides. When something is symmetric, one side looks the same as the other. You can measure symmetry in different ways. Try placing the middle part of a glass rod on your finger. It stays balanced be...

1079R 1854C  The Mystery of Liquids

There are many kinds of liquids around us, but today, let¡¯s focus on four: water, vinegar, alcohol, and cooking oil. Each of these liquids has its own special characteristics, and by observing them closely, we can discover their differences. To begin the experiment, we need f...

931R 1559C  Exploring Different Types of Maps

Maps help us understand the world around us. Among them, thematic maps are special because they focus on specific topics. There are many kinds of thematic maps, each designed for a different purpose. Let¡¯s explore some of them. A specialty map highlights well-known local prod...

873R 1443C  The Magic of Mixing Liquids

Some liquids mix well together, while others do not. Water is a great example of a liquid that blends easily. It mixes well with acetone and alcohol. Acetone and alcohol also mix smoothly. Even acetone and cooking oil can combine without difficulty. When these liquids mix, they c...

915R 1526C  Electricity and Devices

Electricity is essential for many devices in daily life. Some devices, like televisions, receive electricity from an outlet. The outlet provides power at all times, so the TV can be used whenever needed. However, during a blackout, the outlet stops working, and the TV cannot be u...

815R 1327C  Understanding Light Bulbs

There are different kinds of light bulbs. A bulb is made of several parts: a glass outline, a filament, support wires, a cap, and an electrical contact. The filament inside the bulb produces light when electricity passes through it. The cap connects the bulb to a power source, al...

909R 1514C  How Electricity Flows

Electricity moves through different materials. A conductor is a material that allows electricity to flow easily. Examples of conductors are metals like copper and aluminum. When electric current flows through a conductor, it releases energy, which can produce light, heat, or moti...

742R 1181C  Concave and Convex Lenses

Lenses help us see things differently. There are two main types of lenses: concave and convex. They change the way objects look and are used in many tools. A concave lens is thin in the middle. It makes objects look smaller. Even faraway objects look small but stay upright. Wh...

834R 1364C  Magical Ink and Solutions

Melting happens when a solid turns into a liquid. For example, ice melts into water when heated. Some people think salt melts in water, but that is not true. Instead, salt dissolves, forming a solution. A solution is a mixture where one substance spreads evenly in another. Exampl...

758R 1212C  Natural Resources and Their Impact

Coal and limestone are natural resources. But what exactly are natural resources? They are materials found in nature that people use in daily life. There are many different kinds of natural resources. One important natural resource is natural gas. It is used for heating buildi...

721R 1138C  The Changing Atmospheric Temperature

The atmospheric temperature is constantly changing. It varies based on its distance from the equator and its height above the surface. To track these changes, a mercury thermometer in an instrument screen should be used for accurate measurements. The highest temperature of the...

877R 1450C  The Changing Winds at the Seashore

Have you ever visited the seashore? If so, you must have felt the wind blowing. This gentle wind at the beach is called a breeze, and its direction changes daily. During the daytime, the wind blows from the sea to the land. This happens because the land heats up faster than th...

783R 1263C  The Science of Motion and Speed

Have you ever directed a play as a child? Now, you can be the director of a doll play! If you want to create a scene where the doll moves forward, how would you do it? You can either move the doll forward or move the background backward. If both move in opposite directions, the d...

867R 1430C  A Wind-Powered Toy Car

Imagine if you could move a car just by blowing on it or using a fan. It may seem impossible, but if the car is light enough, the wind can push it forward. By making a small toy car, you can test this idea yourself. To build a toy car that moves with the wind, you need to use ...

999R 1695C  Earthquake Safety Measures

An earthquake is one of the most powerful natural disasters in the world. It happens when there is a sudden movement in the Earth's crust, making the ground shake violently. These shakes can cause great destruction, affecting people¡¯s lives and properties. When an earthquake ...

922R 1541C  The Wonders of Rocks

How much do you know about rocks? There are different types of rocks, each formed in unique ways. Understanding these rocks helps us learn about the Earth's history. Sedimentary rocks form when layers of sediments pile up over time. These rocks often have visible layers and ma...

792R 1280C  How Do Rainbows Form?

Rainbows are one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. They appear in the sky after rain when sunlight shines through raindrops. But how do they form? A rainbow is created when light passes through a raindrop. This happens because light bends, or refracts, when it enters th...

766R 1228C  Why Do Balloons Pop?

Balloons are fun to play with, but they can pop suddenly. Have you ever wondered why this happens? The reason is air pressure. When you blow up a balloon, you fill it with air. The air pushes against the inside walls of the balloon, creating pressure. The more air you add, the...

729R 1155C  Can Sound Travel Without Air?

Sound is something we hear every day. We can listen to voices, music, and sounds from nature. But can sound travel in a place without air? The answer is no. Sound needs air or another material to travel. Sound moves in waves. When an object vibrates, it makes air molecules mov...

658R 1012C  Why Is the Sky Blue?

The sky is blue, but have you ever wondered why? The reason lies in the way sunlight interacts with the Earth's atmosphere. Sunlight looks white, but it is actually made up of different colors. Each color has a different wavelength. When sunlight enters the atmosphere, it meet...

651R 998C  Water in Space – A Floating Sphere

In space, water does not flow like it does on Earth. Without gravity, water does not stay in a cup or pour down like a waterfall. Instead, it forms a round shape, like a floating ball. This happens because of surface tension. Surface tension is a force that pulls water molecul...

602R 901C  Why Is Glass Transparent?

Glass is different from many other materials because it is transparent. This means that light can pass through it. But why does this happen? Glass is made from sand, which contains tiny particles called silica. When sand is heated to a very high temperature, it melts and turns...

580R 856C  Why Does the Sun Shine Hot?

The Sun shines brightly and gives off heat because of a special process called nuclear fusion. This reaction happens deep inside the Sun, where it is extremely hot and full of pressure. The Sun is mostly made of hydrogen gas. In the core, hydrogen atoms move very fast and coll...

584R 864C  Can You Break an Egg in Space?

On Earth, when you crack an egg, the shell breaks into pieces, and the egg white and yolk spill out. This happens because of gravity and air pressure. But in space, things are different. In space, there is no air pressure. If you break an egg outside a spaceship, the liquid in...

619R 934C  Why Does a Phone Vibrate?

When a phone vibrates, it is because of a small device inside called a vibration motor. This motor spins very fast and creates tiny shaking movements. The vibration motor has a small, unbalanced weight attached to it. When the motor turns, the weight moves unevenly, making the...

614R 925C  How Does Water Rise and Become Clouds?

Water in lakes, rivers, and oceans does not stay in one place. It moves through a process called the water cycle. One important part of this cycle is evaporation, where water turns into gas and rises into the sky. When the Sun heats the surface of the water, the water molecule...

640R 976C  Does Water Boil in Space?

On Earth, water boils at 100¡ÆC at normal air pressure. But in space, things work differently. Because space is a vacuum, water can boil at a much lower temperature. Boiling happens when water molecules have enough energy to turn into gas. On Earth, air pressure pushes down on...

598R 893C  Why Does Cola Have a Fizzy Taste?

Cola and other fizzy drinks taste sharp and bubbly because they contain carbon dioxide gas (CO©ü). This gas is dissolved in water under high pressure, creating carbonated water. When you open a bottle of cola, the pressure is released, and tiny gas bubbles start to form. These...

592R 880C  How Does an Eraser Remove Pencil Marks?

When you write with a pencil, the tip leaves graphite particles on the paper. These particles stick to the rough surface of the paper, creating visible marks. An eraser works by grabbing and lifting the graphite off the paper. Erasers are made of a soft and sticky material, us...

599R 895C  Why Does Steam Rise from Hot Food?

When food is hot, you can see steam rising from it. This happens because heat changes the water inside the food into a gas, which then spreads into the air. Food contains moisture, or tiny water particles. When the food is heated, these water particles gain energy and turn int...

609R 915C  Why Is the Ocean Blue?

Water has no color, but the ocean looks blue because it reflects the blue light from the sun. This happens because of the way light moves through water. Sunlight is made up of many colors, including red, orange, yellow, green, and blue. When light enters the ocean, water absor...