AR57 187 W  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a famous composer, known as one of the greatest ever. He was born on January 27th, 1756, in Austria and was a musical genius. Mozart could play the piano and violin at four years old and wrote music at five. His father taught him and noticed his talen...

AR57 165 W  A Tribute to Korean Heritage

October 9th is Hangul Day, a national holiday celebrating the creation of the Korean alphabet, Hangul. This day honors King Sejong, who invented Hangul in 1443 to help all Koreans learn to read and write. Before Hangul, Koreans used complex Chinese characters that were hard for c...

AR57 155 W  Abraham Lincoln: A Legacy of Leadership

Abraham Lincoln is remembered as one of the greatest U.S. presidents. He was born on February 12, 1809, in a small log cabin to poor parents. Despite many challenges, he became a symbol of hope and equality. Lincoln grew up listening to his father¡¯s stories and became a great p...

AR57 197 W  The Legend of Chumong

A long time ago, Korea had three kingdoms: Baekje, Silla, and Goguryeo. Chumong, the first king of Goguryeo, was born in Puyeo to Yuhwa and the sun god Haemosu. From a young age, Chumong showed special skills, like expert archery and making friends with animals. The king of Puye...

AR57 195 W  The Bittersweet History of Chocolate

If you love chocolate, you might be surprised to know it wasn¡¯t always sweet. Before the 16th century, chocolate was only found in Mesoamerica. It was a bitter drink made from ground cacao beans mixed with cornmeal and chili peppers. The Maya and Aztecs thought cacao was a divin...

AR57 167 W  The Legacy of Colonialism

Colonialism is when one nation controls another, using its resources and people while spreading its culture. By 1914, most of the world was colonized by European powers, except for places like Japan, Korea, and Thailand. Colonialism started with ancient empires like Greece and...

AR57 171 W  The Rise and Fall of the Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall was built on August 13, 1961, by East German authorities during the Cold War. It divided East and West Berlin. The Wall was meant to stop East Germans from escaping to the West, where freedoms and better economic opportunities existed. The Western part of Berlin, ...

AR57 210 W  The Wars of the Roses: A Medieval Power Str...

The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles in Medieval England between two noble families, the Lancasters and the Yorks. Both families wanted the English throne. The wars started after King Edward III died in 1377. His grandson Richard II became king, but Edward¡¯s surviving ...

AR57 120 W  Cleopatra: A Queen Misunderstood

Cleopatra VII was the last ruler of Egypt¡¯s Ptolemaic dynasty. Many people remember her because of Roman stories. These stories say she used her charm to influence Julius Caesar and Marc Antony. They blame her for the fall of the Roman Republic. But Cleopatra was more than th...

AR57 132 W  The History of Tea

Tea has a long history. It started in ancient China over 6,000 years ago. At first, people used tea as a vegetable or added it to porridge. About 1,500 years ago, people began brewing tea as a drink. This led to unique tea cultures in places like China and Japan. In China, tea-ma...

AR57 145 W  A Legacy of Power and Controversy

Genghis Khan was one of history's most powerful warlords. He led armies that created the largest empire in history, stretching from the Pacific to Europe. People see his legacy in different ways. Some call him a cruel conqueror who caused millions of deaths. Others see him as a l...

AR57 132 W  The Salem Witch Trials

The Salem Witch Trials happened between February 1692 and May 1693 in Salem, Massachusetts. It was a dark time in American history. Fear, strict religion, and unfair courts caused the trials. It started when two young girls showed strange behavior. People blamed witchcraft. Th...

AR57 158 W  The Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China is 13,000 miles long and has a long history. It started during the Chunqiu period when small states built walls to defend against nomads from the north. Later, Emperor Qin Shi Huang made it bigger after uniting China in 221 BCE. Dynasties like the Han and ...

AR57 191 W  Napoléon Bonaparte: Hero or Tyrant?

After the French Revolution in 1789, Europe became chaotic. Monarchies feared losing power and attacked the French Republic. During this time, Napoléon Bonaparte rose to power. People debate whether he saved or destroyed the revolution. Some think he was a tyrant who took po...

AR57 207 W  The Mongol Empire: A Legacy of Conquest and...

The Mongol Empire was the largest connected land empire in history. It stretched from Korea to Ukraine and from Siberia to southern China. Before the empire, the East Asian steppe was home to scattered nomadic Mongols and Turks led by Khans. These nomads herded animals and lived ...

AR57 165 W  A Brief History of Toilets

The history of toilets shows how sanitation affects public health. In ancient Rome, public latrines could hold up to 20 people, showing waste management as a social activity. Early sewage systems appeared around 3000 BCE in places like Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley, where home...

AR57 174 W  The Leaning Tower of Pisa: Why It Doesn¡¯t ...

The Leaning Tower of Pisa is famous for its tilt, which puzzled engineers for centuries. The tower started leaning soon after construction began in 1173 because it was built on soft, marshy ground. The architects didn¡¯t know about the poor soil under Pisa and used a shallow foun...

AR57 159 W  The Origins of Superstitions

Superstitions are common even though they are not based on science. Many come from religious beliefs. For example, the fear of the number thirteen comes from Christianity¡¯s Last Supper. Others, like knocking on wood, come from ancient beliefs that trees had protective spirits. I...

AR57 203 W  The Rise and Fall of the Inca Empire

The Inca Empire was the largest empire in the Western Hemisphere. It had nearly 10 million people and covered over 900,000 square kilometers. Built in the Andes Mountains, it thrived in the 15th century without wheels, horses, iron, or writing but collapsed within 100 years. A...

AR57 153 W  Sparta: The City-State of Warriors

Sparta was one of the strongest city-states in ancient Greece, known for its powerful warriors. Unlike other city-states that used walls for defense, Sparta relied on its disciplined army. Life in Sparta focused on serving the city-state, and every citizen was raised for this pur...

AR57 167 W  India¡¯s Independence and the Partition

In August 1947, India became free from British rule. This caused one of the biggest and bloodiest migrations in history. Before this, India was made of small princely states with many religions. The British ruled and made the differences between religions worse. People who once l...

AR57 139 W  The Normans and Their Lasting Influence

The Normans were Vikings who settled in northern France. They lived in a region called Normandy. They adopted French customs, married Frankish people, learned the French language, and became Christians. But they kept their warrior skills. In 1066, they conquered England. Willi...

AR57 176 W  The Nobel Peace Prize and Its Legacy

The Nobel Peace Prize is a famous award. It honors people and groups who work for peace. Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist who invented dynamite, started the prize. In his will, he gave money to five prizes: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace. Some think Nobel crea...

AR57 113 W  Who Is Sherlock Holmes Really?

Sherlock Holmes is a famous character made by Arthur Conan Doyle. He is one of the most famous fictional detectives in history. But some things we think about Holmes, like the deerstalker hat and the phrase "Elementary, my dear Watson," were not in Doyle's original stories. These...

AR57 154 W  The Impact of the Potato on World History

The potato has shaped human history. It started in the Andes of South America. Ancient Peruvians grew potatoes 8,000 years ago, and it was a main food for the Incan Empire. When Spanish sailors brought it to Europe, people rejected it at first because it looked like the deadly ni...